国内三家医院33 例临床隐球菌病病原菌分离、药敏试验和临床分析

目的 了解国内三家医院临床确诊隐球菌病的分布、药敏试验、临床特点以及抗生素治疗等，提高临床对隐球菌病临床特征的认识。方法 回顾性分析2018 ～ 2019 年国内三家医疗机构33 例确诊隐球菌病患者的临床表现、治疗、预后及实验室检查和药敏结果。结果 33 例隐球菌病患者（男性25 例，女性8 例）平均年龄50.4±12.6 岁，10 例无基础疾病。33 株隐球菌中新生隐球菌31 株，格特隐球菌2 株，其中16 株(48.5%) 来自脑脊液，7 株(21.2%) 来自肺穿组织。常见的中枢神经系统的临床症状有发热18 例，头痛14 例，恶心呕吐9 例。药敏结果显示，所有菌株对两性霉素B、氟康唑、伊曲康唑和伏立康唑均没有获得耐药；1 株对氟胞嘧啶有获得性耐药。脑隐球菌病主要选择两性霉素B 进行治疗，肺隐球菌病选择氟康唑，好转15 例，死亡3 例，转院8 例，另有7 例未经治疗转院。结论 隐球菌对人类致病的主要是新生隐球菌和格特隐球菌。中枢神经系统症状以发热、头痛和恶心呕吐最常见，单纯肺隐球菌病无典型的中枢神经系统的症状；绝大多数菌株均没有获得耐药；临床应重视病原学检测，及时使用抗真菌治疗，对疾病的诊治和预后十分重要。     

Association of PD-L1 gene rs4143815 C>G polymorphism and human cancer susceptibility: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1) mediated immune escape play important roles in the development of cancer. The gene polymorphism of PD-L1, in particular rs4143815 C?>?G, has been associated with the cancer risks, but with conflicting results. Therefore, this meta-analysis was aimed to assess the association between rs4143815 C?>?G and cancer susceptibility. A systematic literature search was performed to select the studies and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the strength of association. Eleven eligible studies containing 3711 cases and 3704 controls were enrolled in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that there is a strong association between rs4143815 C?>?G and the cancer risks (G vs. C: OR?=?1.386, 95% CI: 1.132–1.696, p?=?0.002; GG vs. CG?+?CC: OR?=?1.843 95% CI: 1.300–2.613, p?=?0.002; GG?+?CG vs. CC: OR?=?1.280, 95% CI: 1.040–1.576, p?=?0.020). Subgroup analysis based on cancer type suggested that PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might increase the susceptibility to gastric cancer (G vs. C: OR?=?1.842, 95% CI: 1.403–2.418, p?<?0.001) and bladder cancer (G vs. C: OR?=?2.015, 95% CI: 1.556–2.608, p?<?0.001), and genotype GG carriers of PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might have higher risks of HCC (GG vs. CG?+?CC: OR?=?2.226 95% CI: 1.562–3.172, p?<?0.001). PD-L1 rs4143815 C?>?G might confer an increased cancer risk, indicating this SNP may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer and might be used as a potential biomarker to predict the susceptibility to cancer.     

数显角度仪在CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检中的应用

  目的  CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检对于肺小结节以及临近大血管的病灶具有难度。本研究旨在探讨数显角度仪在CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检中的应用价值。  方法  回顾性分析2018年1月至2018年9月南华大学附属第一医院经皮肺穿刺活检的35例患者。将患者分为A、B、C3组，A组与B组为病灶直径≤30 mm的肺结节，其中A组接受数显角度仪协助下的CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检，B组则在CT引导下徒手操作经皮肺穿刺活检。C组为病灶直径 > 30 mm肺部肿块，在CT引导下徒手操作经皮肺穿刺活检。然后比较3组之间穿刺前的肿块大小、进针次数、进针距离及术后血气胸并发症的差异。  结果  A组肺结节最大直径为（18.4±2.1）mm，显著小于B组（28.3±2.0）mm及C组（43.3±3.6）mm（P=0.003与P=0.003）。A组部分患者合并严重慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases，COPD）及病灶邻近大血管，且该组穿刺点至胸壁外侧距离也明显高于B组（P=0.039）。但A组一次性穿刺成功概率为100%，明显高于B、C组，同时该组术后并发症亦明显少于另外两组。  结论  经数显角度仪协助的CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术为一项安全、简便、准确的诊断方法，特别在肺小结节病变的患者中具有较好的应用价值。      

原肌球蛋白4在胃癌细胞迁移、侵袭和转移中的作用

目的:探索原肌球蛋白4（Tropomyosin4,TPM4）在胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和转移中的作用。方法:利用Real-time PCR、Western Blot及免疫荧光，检测原肌球蛋白4在不同胃癌细胞系及正常胃上皮细胞中的表达情况；利用免疫组化，检测原肌球蛋白4在胃癌组织及癌旁正常组织中的表达情况；利用慢病毒技术，在GC9811-P细胞中，分别转染LV-TPM4、shRNA-TPM4及对照空载体；通过Transwell和体内实验，检测胃癌细胞迁移、侵袭和转移。结果:Real-time PCR、Western Blot及免疫组化结果显示，原肌球蛋白4在胃癌细胞系及胃癌组织中的表达降低；上调原肌球蛋白4的表达后，抑制胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和转移；下调原肌球蛋白4的表达后，促进胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和转移（P<0.05）。结论:原肌球蛋白4抑制胃癌细胞的迁移、侵袭和转移。     

Molecular characterization of the 17D-204 yellow fever vaccine

IntroductionThe worldwide use of yellow fever (YF) live attenuated vaccines came recently under close scrutiny as rare but serious adverse events have been reported. The population identified at major risk for these safety issues were extreme ages and immunocompromised subjects. Study NCT01426243 conducted by the French National Agency for AIDS research is an ongoing interventional study to evaluate the safety of the vaccine and the specific immune responses in HIV-infected patients following 17D-204 vaccination. As a preliminary study, we characterized the molecular diversity from E gene of the single 17D-204 vaccine batch used in this clinical study.Materials and methodsEight vials of lyophilized 17D-204 vaccine (Stamaril^®, Sanofi-Pasteur, Lyon, France) of the E5499 batch were reconstituted for viral quantification, cloning and sequencing of C/prM/E region.ResultsThe average rate of virions per vial was 8.68 ± 0.07 log₁₀ genome equivalents with a low coefficient of variation (0.81%). 246 sequences of the C/prM/E region (29–33 per vials) were generated and analyzed for the eight vials, 25 (10%) being defective and excluded from analyses. 95% of sequences had at least one nucleotide mutation. The mutations were observed on 662 variant sites distributed through all over the 1995 nucleotides sequence and were mainly non-synonymous (66%). Genome variability between vaccine vials was highly homogeneous with a nucleotide distance ranging from 0.29% to 0.41%. Average p-distances observed for each vial were also homogeneous, ranging from 0.15% to 0.31%.ConclusionThis study showed a homogenous YF virus RNA quantity in vaccine vials within a single lot and a low clonal diversity inter and intra vaccine vials. These results are consistent with a recent study showing that the main mechanism of attenuation resulted in the loss of diversity in the YF virus quasi-species.     

关节镜结合放射治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎

[目的]探讨采用关节镜结合放射治疗膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的方法及其临床应用价值。[方法]2000年1月～2003年7月,共收治14例膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎患者,采用关节镜下常规器械加双极射频进行关节内病变切除,术后弥漫性色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎辅以放疗,13例通过10～45个月的随访,了解患膝活动度、疼痛、肿胀情况。[结果]13例随访患者,术前国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分为(58.7±6.4)分,最后随访时,IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为(86.5±5.7)分。[结论]通过关节镜能完成膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎滑膜较彻底切除,对弥漫性膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎辅以术后放疗是一种有效方法。     

结直肠癌患者的临床、内镜、病理学特点

目的探讨结直肠癌患者临床、内镜、病理特点。方法对1991—2005年肠镜及病理证实的结直肠癌患者,按年龄分为青年组(≤30岁),中年组(31~59岁),老年组(≥60岁),从临床表现、内镜表现和病理学三方面进行回顾性分析。结果(1)本组结直肠癌患病高峰为50~65岁,男性结直肠癌构成比高于女性。(2)青年组以腹痛就诊者占70.73%,中老年组以便血就诊者占65.50%,说明临床症状具有不典型性。(3)各组直肠癌均有较高的比例,青年组右半结肠癌的发病率(34.15%)明显高于中老年组(16.33%)。(4)青年组以低分化腺癌、黏液腺癌为多,肿瘤分化程度低,恶性程度高;中老年组以高分化腺癌多见,肿瘤分化程度高,恶性程度低。结论不同年龄组结直肠癌患者有不同的临床、内镜、病理特点,对有下消化道症状的患者,应尽早、全面地进行结肠镜检查。     

Cytotoxic lipid esters from Peucedanum ledebourielloides

Two cancer cell growth inhibitory esters, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-glucosyl glycerol (1) and 1,6-dihydroxy-hexane-bis-palmitoyl ester (2), together with arachidic acid-2-hydroxy-glycerol ester, daucosterol, and oleanolic acid, were isolated from the roots of Peucedanum ledebourielloides (Apiaceae family). The structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The esters 1 and 2 displayed significant activity against the SGC-7901, HT-29, and HL-60 cancer cell lines.     

p53,p16,PCNA蛋白在食管癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨p53,p16,PCNA蛋白在食管癌中的表达及临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学染色SP法对62例食管癌标本进行p53,p16,PCNA蛋白测定。结果62例食管癌中,p53,PCNA蛋白阳性表达均为71.0%(44/62),p16缺失率48.4%(30/62)。p16缺失与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05、P<0.01)。而p53,PCNA蛋白同时表达56.5%(35/62),亦与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移密切相关(P<0.05、P<0.01)。结论食管癌p53,PCNA蛋白同时表达及p16缺失可视为危险预后因素。     

周围神经端侧动脉套接后神经再生的研究

目的研究周围神经端侧动脉套接后神经再生的可能性及其特点. 方法取SD大鼠75只,在股骨中下段切断腓神经,将近断端逆转90度包埋于肌肉中.随机分为5组.A组:将截取的左颈总动脉套接于右侧正常胫神经侧方与腓总神经远端2 mm距离之间,缝合部胫神经外膜不予切除;B组:在胫神经套接部外膜开窗1.0 mm;C组:腓总神经切断14天后再予动脉套接,余同B组;D组:同B组,且于动脉套接部注入神经生长因子(neural growth factor, NGF)1 ml;E组:将腓总神经远端以端侧缝合形式直接缝合于胫神经的一侧,外膜开窗1.0 mm.术后4、8和12周分别行组织学、电镜和神经纤维计数等检查. 结果 4周时C、D及E组周边区域有神经纤维轴突和髓鞘再生,A组则无神经纤维生长; 8周时C、D及E组再生神经纤维较B组多,E组神经纤维较C、D组多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 12周时C、D及E组神经纤维多于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);C组及D组有较丰富的神经再生,与神经端侧直接吻合的E组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论神经端侧2 mm距离动脉套接可作为修复周围神经损伤的一种可行方法.